> LARAVEL 13.x DOCS

Giao diện

Mail ​

Giới thiệu (Introduction) ​

Laravel cung cấp API sạch sẽ, đơn giản dựa trên Symfony Mailer. Hỗ trợ gửi email qua SMTP, Mailgun, Postmark, Resend, Amazon SES, và nhiều drivers khác.

Cấu hình (Configuration) ​

File cấu hình tại config/mail.php. Mỗi mailer có transport (phương thức gửi) riêng:

php
// .env
MAIL_MAILER=smtp
MAIL_HOST=smtp.mailgun.org
MAIL_PORT=587
MAIL_USERNAME=null
MAIL_PASSWORD=null
MAIL_ENCRYPTION=tls
MAIL_FROM_ADDRESS="hello@example.com"
MAIL_FROM_NAME="${APP_NAME}"

Driver Prerequisites ​

Mailgun ​

bash
composer require symfony/mailgun-mailer symfony/http-client

Postmark ​

bash
composer require symfony/postmark-mailer symfony/http-client

Amazon SES ​

bash
composer require aws/aws-sdk-php

Failover Configuration ​

Cấu hình mailer dự phòng:

php
'failover' => [
    'transport' => 'failover',
    'mailers' => ['postmark', 'mailgun', 'sendmail'],
],

Tạo Mailables (Generating Mailables) ​

bash
php artisan make:mail OrderShipped

Viết Mailables (Writing Mailables) ​

php
<?php

namespace App\Mail;

use App\Models\Order;
use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
use Illuminate\Mail\Mailable;
use Illuminate\Mail\Mailables\Content;
use Illuminate\Mail\Mailables\Envelope;
use Illuminate\Queue\SerializesModels;

class OrderShipped extends Mailable
{
    use Queueable, SerializesModels;

    public function __construct(
        public Order $order,
    ) {}

    public function envelope(): Envelope
    {
        return new Envelope(
            subject: 'Đơn hàng đã giao',
        );
    }

    public function content(): Content
    {
        return new Content(
            view: 'mail.orders.shipped',
        );
    }

    public function attachments(): array
    {
        return [];
    }
}

View Data ​

Public properties tự động có sẵn trong view:

blade
{{-- mail/orders/shipped.blade.php --}}
<div>
    <p>Giá: {{ $order->price }}</p>
</div>

Hoặc truyền data qua with:

php
public function content(): Content
{
    return new Content(
        view: 'mail.orders.shipped',
        with: [
            'orderName' => $this->order->name,
            'orderPrice' => $this->order->price,
        ],
    );
}

Attachments (Đính kèm) ​

php
use Illuminate\Mail\Mailables\Attachment;

public function attachments(): array
{
    return [
        Attachment::fromPath('/path/to/file'),
        Attachment::fromStorage('/path/to/file'),
        Attachment::fromStorageDisk('s3', '/path/to/file')
            ->as('name.pdf')
            ->withMime('application/pdf'),
    ];
}

Headers ​

php
use Illuminate\Mail\Mailables\Headers;

public function headers(): Headers
{
    return new Headers(
        messageId: 'custom-message-id@example.com',
        references: ['previous-message@example.com'],
        text: ['X-Custom-Header' => 'Custom Value'],
    );
}

Markdown Mailables ​

bash
php artisan make:mail OrderShipped --markdown=mail.orders.shipped
php
public function content(): Content
{
    return new Content(
        markdown: 'mail.orders.shipped',
    );
}

Markdown template:

blade
<x-mail::message>
# Đơn Hàng Đã Giao

Đơn hàng của bạn đã được giao thành công.

<x-mail::button :url="$url">
    Xem Đơn Hàng
</x-mail::button>

Cảm ơn,<br>
{{ config('app.name') }}
</x-mail::message>

Gửi Mail (Sending Mail) ​

php
use App\Mail\OrderShipped;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Mail;

Mail::to($request->user())->send(new OrderShipped($order));

// Chỉ định CC, BCC
Mail::to($request->user())
    ->cc($moreUsers)
    ->bcc($managers)
    ->send(new OrderShipped($order));

Queueing Mail ​

php
Mail::to($request->user())
    ->queue(new OrderShipped($order));

// Queue cụ thể
Mail::to($request->user())
    ->queue(new OrderShipped($order), 'emails');

// Delay
Mail::to($request->user())
    ->later(now()->addMinutes(10), new OrderShipped($order));

Hoặc implement ShouldQueue trên Mailable:

php
class OrderShipped extends Mailable implements ShouldQueue
{
    // Tự động queue khi gọi send()
}

Rendering Mailables ​

Preview mailable trong browser:

php
Route::get('/mailable', function () {
    $order = App\Models\Order::find(1);
    return new App\Mail\OrderShipped($order);
});

Localize Mailables ​

php
Mail::to($request->user())
    ->locale('vi')
    ->send(new OrderShipped($order));

Testing ​

php
use App\Mail\OrderShipped;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Mail;

Mail::fake();

// Action...

Mail::assertSent(OrderShipped::class);
Mail::assertSent(OrderShipped::class, function (OrderShipped $mail) {
    return $mail->order->id === 1;
});
Mail::assertNotSent(AnotherMailable::class);
Mail::assertSentCount(1);
Mail::assertNothingSent();
Mail::assertQueued(OrderShipped::class);

Local Development ​

Trong development, dùng log driver hoặc tools như Mailpit, HELO:

env
MAIL_MAILER=log