> LARAVEL 13.x DOCS

Giao diện

Notifications ​

Giới thiệu (Introduction) ​

Laravel hỗ trợ gửi notifications qua nhiều kênh: email, SMS (Vonage), Slack, và lưu vào database. Notifications cũng có thể broadcast qua WebSocket cho giao diện realtime.

Thường thì notifications là messages ngắn, thông báo sự kiện cho users (ví dụ: hóa đơn mới, đơn hàng đã giao).

Tạo Notifications ​

bash
php artisan make:notification InvoicePaid

Class nằm trong app/Notifications.

Gửi Notifications (Sending) ​

Sử dụng Notifiable Trait ​

php
use App\Notifications\InvoicePaid;

$user->notify(new InvoicePaid($invoice));

Sử dụng Notification Facade ​

php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Notification;

Notification::send($users, new InvoicePaid($invoice));

// On-demand (không cần user)
Notification::route('mail', 'taylor@example.com')
    ->route('vonage', '5555555555')
    ->notify(new InvoicePaid($invoice));

Channels (Kênh gửi) ​

Mỗi notification class có method via xác định kênh:

php
public function via(object $notifiable): array
{
    return $notifiable->prefers_sms
        ? ['vonage']
        : ['mail', 'database'];
}

Queueing Notifications ​

Implement ShouldQueue:

php
use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;

class InvoicePaid extends Notification implements ShouldQueue
{
    use Queueable;
}

Mail Notifications ​

php
use Illuminate\Notifications\Messages\MailMessage;

public function toMail(object $notifiable): MailMessage
{
    return (new MailMessage)
        ->greeting('Xin chào!')
        ->line('Bạn đã nhận được hóa đơn mới.')
        ->action('Xem hóa đơn', $url)
        ->line('Cảm ơn bạn đã sử dụng dịch vụ!');
}

Tùy chỉnh Sender / Recipient / Subject ​

php
public function toMail(object $notifiable): MailMessage
{
    return (new MailMessage)
        ->from('barrett@example.com', 'Barrett Blair')
        ->subject('Thông báo hóa đơn')
        ->line('...');
}

Attachments ​

php
public function toMail(object $notifiable): MailMessage
{
    return (new MailMessage)
        ->line('...')
        ->attach('/path/to/file');
}

Markdown Mail Notifications ​

bash
php artisan make:notification InvoicePaid --markdown=mail.invoice.paid
php
public function toMail(object $notifiable): MailMessage
{
    return (new MailMessage)
        ->markdown('mail.invoice.paid', [
            'url' => $this->url,
        ]);
}

Database Notifications ​

Prerequisites ​

bash
php artisan make:notifications-table
php artisan migrate

Formatting ​

php
public function toDatabase(object $notifiable): array
{
    return [
        'invoice_id' => $this->invoice->id,
        'amount' => $this->invoice->amount,
    ];
}

Truy cập Notifications ​

php
$user = App\Models\User::find(1);

foreach ($user->notifications as $notification) {
    echo $notification->type;        // Loại notification
    echo $notification->data;        // Array data
}

// Chỉ unread
foreach ($user->unreadNotifications as $notification) {
    // ...
}

Đánh dấu đã đọc ​

php
$user->unreadNotifications->markAsRead();

$notification->markAsRead();

Broadcast Notifications ​

php
public function toBroadcast(object $notifiable): BroadcastMessage
{
    return new BroadcastMessage([
        'invoice_id' => $this->invoice->id,
        'amount' => $this->invoice->amount,
    ]);
}

Lắng nghe phía Client ​

js
Echo.private(`App.Models.User.${userId}`)
    .notification((notification) => {
        console.log(notification.type);
    });

SMS Notifications (Vonage) ​

bash
composer require laravel/vonage-notification-channel guzzlehttp/guzzle
php
public function toVonage(object $notifiable): VonageMessage
{
    return (new VonageMessage)
        ->content('Hóa đơn #' . $this->invoice->id . ' đã thanh toán!');
}

Slack Notifications ​

bash
composer require laravel/slack-notification-channel
php
public function toSlack(object $notifiable): SlackMessage
{
    return (new SlackMessage)
        ->text('Hóa đơn #' . $this->invoice->id . ' đã thanh toán!')
        ->headerBlock('Thông báo hóa đơn')
        ->sectionBlock(function (SectionBlock $block) {
            $block->text('Hóa đơn đã được xử lý thành công.');
        });
}

Testing ​

php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Notification;

Notification::fake();

// Action...

Notification::assertSentTo(
    [$user], InvoicePaid::class
);

Notification::assertSentTo(
    $user,
    InvoicePaid::class,
    function (InvoicePaid $notification, array $channels) {
        return in_array('mail', $channels);
    }
);

Notification::assertNotSentTo([$user], AnotherNotification::class);
Notification::assertNothingSent();
Notification::assertCount(1);